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The mental status examination or mental state examination, abbreviated MSE, is an important part of the clinical assessment process in psychiatric practice. It is a structured way of observing and describing a patient's current state of mind, under the domains of appearance, attitude, behavior, mood and affect, speech, thought process, thought content, perception, cognition, insight and judgment. There are some minor variations in the subdivision of the MSE and the sequence and names of MSE domains. The purpose of the MSE is to obtain a comprehensive cross-sectional description of the patient's mental state, which, when combined with the biographical and historical information of the psychiatric history, allows the clinician to make an accurate diagnosis and formulation, which are required for coherent treatment planning. The data are collected through a combination of direct and indirect means: unstructured observation while obtaining the biographical and social information, focused questions about current symptoms, and formalised psychological tests.〔Trzepacz & Baker (1993) Ch 1〕 The MSE is not to be confused with the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), which is a brief neuro-psychological screening test for dementia. ==Theoretical foundations== The MSE derives from an approach to psychiatry known as descriptive psychopathology〔Sims (1995) Ch 1〕 or descriptive phenomenology〔 Kräupl Taylor F (1967) The Role of Phenomenology in Psychiatry. ''The British Journal of Psychiatry'' 113: 765-770〕 which developed from the work of the philosopher and psychiatrist Karl Jaspers.〔Owen G and Harland R (2007) Editor's Introduction: Theme Issue on Phenomenology and Psychiatry for the 21st Century. Taking Phenomenology Seriously. ''Schizophrenia Bulletin'' 33 (1) pp. 105–107 〕 From Jaspers' perspective it was assumed that the only way to comprehend a patient's experience is through his or her own description (through an approach of empathic and non-theoretical enquiry), as distinct from an interpretive or psychoanalytic approach which assumes the analyst might understand experiences or processes of which the patient is unaware, such as defense mechanisms or unconscious drives. In practice, the MSE is a blend of empathic descriptive phenomenology and empirical clinical observation. It has been argued that the term ''phenomenology'' has become corrupted in clinical psychiatry: current usage, as a set of supposedly objective descriptions of a psychiatric patient (a synonym for signs and symptoms), is incompatible with the original meaning which was concerned with comprehending a patient's subjective experience.〔Berrios GE (1989) What is phenomenology? ''Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine.'' 82:425-8〕〔Beumont PJ (1992) Phenomenology and the history of psychiatry. ''Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry''. 26(4):532-45 PMID 1476517〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「mental status examination」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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